‘Inadequate diagnostic services still a critical gap in cancer care in India’

‘Inadequate diagnostic services still a critical gap in cancer care in India’

 

Cancer cases are projected to reach 2.08 million by 2040 in India, a 57.5% increase from the 2020 figure.SPECIAL arrangement

One of the critical gaps in cancer care in India is the lack of adequate diagnostic services, says the latest report by the National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS), an advisory body to the Union government for health policy and planning.

India records nearly 2,00,000 new cancer cases each year, the report adds.

Why was POCSO enacted?

 Why was POCSO enacted?

Enacted in December 2012, the POCSO Act criminalises both penetrative and non-penetrative sexual assault, sexual harassment, and child pornography. A gender-neutral law, POCSO deems all minors under 18 incapable of ‘consent’, and mandates child-friendly procedures like special courts, in-camera trials, and video-recorded testimonies. With strict penalties, a presumption of guilt on the accused, and time-bound trials, the Act aims to fill critical legislative voids and deliver swift, victim-centric justice.

Measles Vaccination Impact by Region

 

Measles Vaccine: A Journey to Global Impact

 

Q.19 What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?

 

Q.19 What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?

Answer:

Introduction

Cryptocurrency is a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates on decentralised networks based on blockchain technology. Unlike traditional currencies, cryptocurrencies are typically managed and maintained through a distributed ledger known as a blockchain.

How Cryptocurrency Affects Global Society

Financial Innovation

Decentralisation: This can lead to increased financial inclusion and access to financial services for unbanked populations.

Smart Contracts: These contracts automatically execute and enforce agreements, potentially transforming industries like finance, real estate, and supply chain management.

Economic Impact

Market Volatility: The value of cryptocurrencies can be highly volatile, leading to significant financial gains or losses. This volatility can impact investors and influence broader financial markets.

New Business Models: Cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology have given rise to new business models, including Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) and Decentralised Finance (DeFi), which can disrupt traditional financial systems.

Regulation and Compliance

Legal Frameworks: Governments worldwide are grappling with how to regulate cryptocurrencies. This includes addressing issues related to taxation, anti-money laundering (AML), and consumer protection.

Regulatory Uncertainty: The lack of consistent regulations across countries can create uncertainty for businesses and investors, affecting the global adoption and integration of cryptocurrencies.

Privacy and Security

Enhanced Privacy: Cryptocurrencies can offer greater privacy compared to traditional financial systems. However, this can also lead to concerns about illicit activities and the misuse of privacy features.

Cybersecurity Risks: The rise of cryptocurrencies has also led to an increase in cyber-attacks, hacking, and scams targeting cryptocurrency exchanges and users.

Social Impact

Financial Inclusion: Cryptocurrencies have the potential to provide financial services to underserved populations and regions with limited access to traditional banking systems.

Wealth Distribution: The speculative nature of cryptocurrency markets has led to significant wealth accumulation for early adopters, raising concerns about wealth inequality.

Impact of Cryptocurrency on Indian Society

Economic and Financial Impact

Investment Opportunities: Cryptocurrencies have attracted a growing number of investors in India, leading to substantial investments in digital assets. This has created new opportunities for wealth creation.

Entrepreneurial Ventures: These ventures are exploring applications of blockchain beyond cryptocurrencies, such as in supply chain management and fintech.

Regulatory and Legal Issues

 

Regulation Uncertainty: The Indian government has had an evolving stance on cryptocurrencies. At various points, there have been discussions about banning or regulating cryptocurrencies, leading to uncertainty and affecting market sentiment.

Financial Inclusion

Access to Banking Services: Cryptocurrencies offer an alternative to traditional banking for those who are unbanked or underbanked. This can enhance financial inclusion, particularly in remote and rural areas where banking infrastructure is limited.

Risks and Challenges

Fraud and Scams: The Indian cryptocurrency market has seen cases of fraud and scams, including Ponzi schemes and fraudulent initial coin offerings (ICOs).

Volatility and Speculation: The speculative nature of cryptocurrencies can lead to significant financial losses for inexperienced investors.

Conclusion

Cryptocurrencies have a transformative impact on global society, driving innovation in financial systems, introducing new business models, and influencing regulatory frameworks.

However, challenges such as regulatory uncertainty, market volatility, and the potential for fraud highlight the need for informed decision-making and effective regulatory measures to harness the benefits while mitigating risks.

Q.10 Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

 

Q.10 Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

Introduction

The gig economy, characterised by short-term contracts or freelance work, has emerged as a significant force in India's labour market. Its impact on women's empowerment is multifaceted, presenting both opportunities and challenges.

Opportunities Provided by the Gig Economy

• Flexibility and Work-Life Balance: The gig economy offers flexible work hours and location independence, enabling women to balance their domestic responsibilities with their careers. 
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• Economic Independence: By providing opportunities for income generation, the gig economy empowers women financially. It allows them to contribute to household income and make independent decisions.
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• Access to Employment: It provides a platform for them to showcase their skills and build a career.
  
  
  
• Skill Development: Many gig jobs require specific skills, prompting women to acquire new competencies. This skill development can enhance their employability and earning potential.
  
  
  

Challenges and Concerns

• Job Insecurity and Income Instability: Gig workers, including women, often lack job security and face income fluctuations. This can lead to financial instability and difficulty in planning for the future.
  
  
  
• Lack of Social Security Benefits: Most gig workers are not entitled to social security benefits like health insurance, provident fund, or maternity leave, which are crucial for women's well-being.
  
  
  
• Gender Pay Gap: While the gig economy offers opportunities, it does not guarantee equal pay. Women gig workers may face gender-based wage discrimination.
  
  
  
• Work-Life Balance Challenges: Despite the potential for work-life balance, the demanding nature of gig work can sometimes lead to increased stress and burnout for women.
  
  
  

Conclusion

The gig economy presents both opportunities and challenges for women's empowerment in India. A supportive policy environment, coupled with skill development programs and access to technology, can help maximise the benefits of the gig economy for women

Q. Why is India considered as a subcontinent? Elaborate your answer.

 

Q. Why is India considered as a subcontinent? Elaborate your answer.

 Answer :

 Introduction

The term "subcontinent" refers to a large landmass that is part of a continent but possesses distinct geographical, cultural, and historical characteristics. India, with its immense size, diverse geography, and rich cultural tapestry, is undeniably a subcontinent. 

Geographical Distinctness

• Himalayan Barrier - The towering Himalayas form a natural boundary, separating India from the rest of Asia. This mountain range has acted as a geological and cultural divide, fostering unique ecological and human developments on the subcontinent.
• Peninsular Plateau - Its distinct geological formation and unique ecosystems further differentiate it from the rest of Asia.
• Coastal Enclaves - India's extensive coastline along the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal provides access to maritime trade and has shaped its cultural and economic history.

Cultural Diversity

• Linguistic Richness - India is a linguistic melting pot, with hundreds of languages and dialects. This linguistic diversity reflects the subcontinent's rich cultural heritage and historical interactions.
• Religious Pluralism - Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity, and Buddhism, among others, coexist peacefully in India. This religious pluralism is a hallmark of the subcontinent's cultural complexity.
• Historical Legacy-  India boasts a long and illustrious history, with ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley and subsequent empires leaving an enduring impact on the region's culture and traditions.

Conclusion

In conclusion, India's geographical isolation, cultural diversity, historical depth, and political prominence collectively position it as a subcontinent. While undeniably part of Asia, its unique characteristics set it apart as a distinct and influential region.