Thursday, July 10, 2025

Keeladi Excavations: A Deep Dive into Tamil Nadu’s Ancient Civilisation

 

Keeladi Excavations: A Deep Dive into Tamil Nadu’s Ancient Civilisation

Why Keeladi Matters for UPSC Aspirants

The Keeladi excavations in Tamil Nadu have been a significant topic for UPSC aspirants, especially in Ancient History, Art & Culture, and Tamil Nadu’s Sangam Age connections. The recent developments regarding the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) allowing retired archaeologist P.S. Sriraman to prepare excavation reports add a new dimension to this archaeological discovery.

Key Highlights of Keeladi Excavations

1.            Discovery of an Urban Sangam-Era Civilization

o             The first two phases (2015-2017) led by K. Amarnath Ramakrishna revealed brick structures, pottery, beads, and Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, suggesting a 2,200-year-old urban settlement.

o             Findings indicated trade links with Rome and Southeast Asia, reinforcing Tamil Nadu’s historical significance.

2.            Controversy Over Continuity of Findings

o             After Ramakrishna’s transfer to Assam in 2017, P.S. Sriraman took over the third phase and reported no continuity in brick structures, leading to debates.

o             Tamil Nadu State Archaeology Department continued excavations (Phase 4 onwards), unearthing more artefacts, including ring wells, terracotta items, and evidence of industrial activity.

3.       

3.  Recent Developments

o  ASI allowed Sriraman (retired) to submit pending reports on Keeladi (Phase 3) and Kodumanal excavations.

o    K. Amarnath Ramakrishna refused to revise his report, standing by his conclusions on the Sangam-era urban settlement.

Why This is Important for UPSC?

   Ancient Indian History: Keeladi provides evidence of a literate, urbanised Tamil society contemporary to the Gangetic plains’ Mauryan era.

  Sangam Age Link: The findings support Sangam literature descriptions of advanced trade, governance, and culture.

   Archaeological Methods: The differing interpretations highlight how archaeological conclusions can vary based on methodology.

   Tamil Nadu’s Demand for More Autonomy in Excavations: The state’s push for independent excavations reflects federalism issues in cultural preservation.

Possible UPSC Questions

1.  "The Keeladi excavations challenge the north-centric narrative of early Indian urbanisation." Discuss.

2.  How do the Keeladi findings reshape our understanding of the Sangam Age?

3.   Examine the significance of Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions found in Keeladi.

Conclusion

Keeladi is not just an archaeological site but a game-changer in understanding India’s civilisational history. For UPSC aspirants, keeping track of new reports, controversies, and state vs. central roles in archaeology is crucial.

 

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