Q1. Which of the following pollutants are released from coal combustion in power plants?
1. Carbon monoxide (CO)
2. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
3. Sulphur dioxide (SO₂)
4. Ozone (O₃)
A) 1 and 4 only
B) 2, 3 and 4 only
C) 1, 2 and 3 only ✅
D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation: Ozone is not directly emitted by coal combustion. It is a secondary pollutant formed in the atmosphere by reactions of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Hindi: ओज़ोन सीधे कोयले के दहन से नहीं निकलती, यह एक द्वितीयक प्रदूषक है।
Q2. Which of the following contributes to the formation of acid rain from thermal power plants?
1. Sulphur dioxide
2. Nitrogen oxides
3. Particulate matter
A) 1 and 2 only ✅
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) All of the above
Explanation: SO₂ and NOx react with water in the atmosphere to form sulphuric and nitric acids, causing acid rain. PM does not contribute directly to acid rain formation.
Hindi: अम्ल वर्षा का कारण मुख्यतः सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड और नाइट्रोजन ऑक्साइड होते हैं।
Q3. Which of the following is a major concern associated with high ash content in Indian coal?
A) Higher sulphur dioxide emission
B) Higher heat output
C) More waste and fly ash ✅
D) Increase in greenhouse gases only
Explanation: Indian coal has low sulphur but high ash content, resulting in large amounts of fly ash and waste management problems.
Hindi: भारतीय कोयले में राख की मात्रा अधिक होती है जिससे फ्लाई ऐश का निस्तारण एक बड़ी चुनौती बन जाता है।
Q4. What is the function of a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) unit?
A) Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
B) Reduce sulphur dioxide emissions ✅
C) Increase power output
D) Control water pollution
Explanation: FGD units are specifically installed to remove SO₂ from flue gases of thermal power plants.
Hindi: FGD इकाई का कार्य सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड को कम करना होता है।
Q5. Which of the following statements are correct regarding Critically Polluted Areas (CPAs)?
1. These are notified by CPCB
2. These areas exceed pollution norms significantly
3. They are selected based on Water Quality Index only
A) 1 and 2 only ✅
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) All of the above
Explanation: CPAs are declared by the Central Pollution Control Board using a Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index (CEPI), which includes air, water, and land parameters.
Hindi: CPAs को CPCB द्वारा घोषित किया जाता है जो वायु, जल और भूमि प्रदूषण को मापते हैं।
Q6. What is the deadline for Category A thermal power plants to install FGD systems as per July 2025 rules?
A) 2025
B) 2026
C) 2027 ✅
D) 2028
Explanation: As per the latest Gazette Notification, the new deadline is 30 December 2027 for plants near NCR or 1 million+ cities.
Hindi: नवीनतम अधिसूचना के अनुसार, श्रेणी A संयंत्रों के लिए अंतिम तिथि 30 दिसंबर 2027 है।
Q7. Why has the Ministry of Environment exempted 78% thermal plants from installing FGDs?
1. Indian coal is low in sulphur
2. Most cities already meet SO₂ limits
3. High costs and marginal benefits
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2 and 3 only
C) 1, 2 and 3 ✅
D) None of the above
Explanation: All three reasons are cited by the ministry in its 2025 note.
Hindi: इन तीनों कारणों से मंत्रालय ने FGD से छूट दी है।
Q8. What is the average sulphur dioxide concentration limit as per Indian NAAQS?
A) 20 µg/m³
B) 30 µg/m³
C) 50 µg/m³ ✅
D) 66 µg/m³
Explanation: According to Indian standards, the annual permissible limit for SO₂ is 50 micrograms per cubic metre, more stringent than many developed countries.
Hindi: भारत में सल्फर डाइऑक्साइड की वार्षिक सीमा 50 माइक्रोग्राम प्रति घन मीटर है।
Q9. What is the role of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) under MoEFCC?
A) Grants water clearances
B) Reviews biodiversity projects
C) Approves thermal power FGD exemptions ✅
D) Implements forest policy
Explanation: The EAC advises MoEFCC on environmental clearances, including FGD installation decisions for Category B thermal power plants.
Hindi: EAC पर्यावरणीय स्वीकृति में सहायता करती है और FGD निर्णयों में मार्गदर्शन देती है।
Q10. Which category of thermal power plants is fully exempt from installing FGDs under new rules?
A) Category A
B) Category B
C) Category C ✅
D) None of the above
Explanation: Category C, comprising 78% of plants, are now fully exempt under the July 2025 policy shift.
Hindi: श्रेणी C के संयंत्रों को अब FGD लगाने से पूर्ण छूट दी गई है।
No comments:
Post a Comment