Role of State in Protecting Children’s Health

Introduction

Children constitute nearly one-third of India’s population and are the most vulnerable section of society. Ensuring their health is not only a moral duty but also a constitutional mandate under Article 21 (Right to Life), Article 39(f) and Article 47 (Duty of State to raise nutrition levels and public health).

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Why State Role is Crucial

• Vulnerability: Children lack agency to protect themselves from malnutrition, disease, or exploitative food environments.

• Long-term Impact: Childhood health determines cognitive development, productivity, and demographic dividend.

• Market Failure: Corporates often prioritise profit over well-being, making regulatory intervention essential.

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State Interventions in India

1. Nutrition & Food Security

   • POSHAN Abhiyaan, ICDS, Mid-Day Meal (PM Poshan).

   • Fortification of staples (rice, wheat, milk).

2. Healthcare Access

   • Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) for screening & early intervention.

   • Ayushman Bharat – Health & Wellness Centres for child-friendly preventive care.

3. Legislation & Protection

   • National Food Security Act (2013), Right to Education Act (2009) (nutrition via schools).

   • Juvenile Justice Act, bans on child labour in hazardous industries.

4. Regulation of Food & Environment

   • FSSAI guidelines for safe food in schools.

   • Draft policies restricting junk food advertisements targeted at children.

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Challenges

• Implementation gaps in schemes.

• Rising obesity & ultra-processed food consumption.

• Weak monitoring and accountability.

• Urban-rural and socio-economic disparities.

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Way Forward

• Make nutrition-sensitive governance integral to all policies.

• Stronger legal protection against unhealthy food marketing.

• Investment in school health programmes and mental health support.

• Community participation and awareness.

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Conclusion

The State is the ultimate guardian of children’s rights. Protecting their health is not just welfare—it is an investment in India’s future. A healthy child today is the foundation of a productive, equitable, and developed India tomorrow.