QUESTION 1
Consider the following
statements:
I. 1. No virus can survive in ocean waters.
2. No virus can infect bacteria.
. 3. No virus can change the cellular
transcriptional activity in host cells.
Which of the statements
given above are correct?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement
I: Incorrect Viruses can survive in ocean waters. In fact, marine
viruses are abundant and play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by
influencing microbial populations and biogeochemical cycles. They infect
various marine organisms, including bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms.
Research has identified diverse viral communities in ocean waters.
Statement
II: Incorrect Viruses can infect bacteria. Viruses that infect bacteria
are called bacteriophages (or phages). Bacteriophages are highly specific to
certain bacterial hosts and are important for regulating bacterial populations.
Bacteriophages are used in research and have potential applications in phage
therapy to treat bacterial infections.
Statement
III: Incorrect Viruses can change the cellular transcriptional activity
in host cells. Viruses often manipulate the host cell's machinery, including
transcriptional activity, to facilitate their own replication and survival.
They can introduce viral genes or proteins that interact with the host cell's
transcription factors, leading to altered gene expression patterns.
Therefore, none of the
statements are correct.
QUESTION 2
In the context of
electric vehicle batteries, consider the following elements:
I.
Cobalt
II.
Graphite
III. Lithium
IV. Nickel
How many of the above
usually make up battery cathodes?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. Only three
D. All the four
Answer: C
Explanation
I.
Cobalt: Correct Cobalt is a key component of many lithium-ion battery
cathodes, such as Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) and Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
(NMC).
II.
Graphite: Incorrect Graphite is typically used as the anode material in
lithium-ion batteries, not the cathode.
III.
Lithium: Correct Lithium is present in the cathode material of lithium-ion
batteries, such as Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO), Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP),
etc.
IV.
Nickel: Correct Nickel is used in several cathode chemistries, such as
Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) and Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA).
Conclusion: Cobalt,
Lithium, and Nickel are commonly found in battery cathodes, but Graphite is
not. Therefore, three out of the four elements listed are usually found in
battery cathodes.
QUESTION 3
With reference to India's
defence, consider the following pairs:
Aircraft type –
Description
I.
Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft
II.
IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft
III. C-17 Globemaster Military transport aircraft
How many of the pairs
given above are correctly matched?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: B
Explanation
Pair I:
Dornier-228 : Maritime patrol aircraft — Correct The
Dornier-228 is an Indian-made aircraft used by the Indian Navy and Coast Guard
for maritime patrol, surveillance, and transport roles. It is indeed a maritime
patrol aircraft.
Pair
II: IL-76 : Supersonic combat aircraft — Incorrect The
Ilyushin IL-76 is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic
airlifter designed by the Soviet Union. It is primarily used for military
transport, not as a supersonic combat aircraft. It is not supersonic and not a
combat aircraft.
Pair
III: C-17 Globemaster III : Military transport aircraft — Correct The
C-17 Globemaster III is a large military transport aircraft used by the Indian
Air Force for strategic and tactical airlift missions. It is correctly
described as a military transport aircraft.
Therefore,
only two pairs are correctly matched.
QUESTION 4
What is the common
characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and
LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?
A. These are alternatives
to hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants
B. These are explosives
in military weapons
C. These are high-energy
fuels for cruise missiles
D. These are fuels for
rocket propulsion
Answer: B
Explanation
The
correct answer is (B) These are explosives in military weapons.
Here's why:
- CL-20 (also
known as HNIW), HMX (Octogen), and LLM-105: These are
all high-performance explosives used in various military applications.
They are known for their high energy density and brisance (shattering
effect).
- A. These are
alternatives to hydro-fluorocarbon refrigerants: Hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs) are greenhouse gases used as refrigerants. CL-20, HMX, and LLM-105
are not related to refrigerants.
- C. These are
high-energy fuels for cruise missiles: While explosives can be used
in propulsion systems, these specific substances are primarily used as the
explosive charge in warheads, not as fuel for propulsion.
- D. These are
fuels for rocket propulsion: While some explosives can be
used in specialized rocket propellants, these substances are not commonly
used as primary rocket fuels.
Therefore,
option B is the most accurate as it correctly identifies CL-20, HMX, and
LLM-105 as explosives used in military weapons.
QUESTION 5
Consider the following
substances:
I.
Ethanol
II.
Nitroglycerine
III. Urea
Coal gasification
technology can be used in the production of how many of them?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation
I.
Ethanol: Coal gasification can be used to produce syngas (a mixture
of carbon monoxide and hydrogen). Syngas can then be converted into ethanol
through various chemical processes like Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or other
catalytic methods. So, ethanol can be produced using coal gasification.
II.
Nitroglycerine: While coal gasification doesn't directly produce
nitroglycerine, the syngas produced from it can be used as a feedstock to
produce hydrogen and other chemicals, which are in turn used in the production
of nitroglycerine. Nitroglycerine is produced by nitrating glycerol. Glycerol
production can be linked to syngas via methanol production. Thus, indirectly,
coal gasification supports nitroglycerine production.
III.
Urea: Coal gasification can produce syngas, and from syngas, we
can derive ammonia. Ammonia is a crucial ingredient in the production of urea.
The Haber-Bosch process is used to convert hydrogen (derived from syngas) and
nitrogen into ammonia, which then reacts with carbon dioxide (also potentially
derived from syngas) to form urea.Since all three substances (Ethanol,
Nitroglycerine, and Urea) can be produced using coal gasification technology
(either directly or indirectly), the answer is all three.
QUESTION 6
Consider the following
statements:
I.
Indian Railways have prepared a National Rail Plan (NRP) to
create a future ready railway system by 2028.
II.
'Kavach' is an Automatic
Train Protection system developed in collaboration with Germany.
III. 'Kavach' system consists of RFID tags fitted
on track in station section.
Which of the statements
given above are not correct?
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III
Answer: A
Explanation
Statement
I: Incorrect The National Rail Plan (NRP) aims to develop a 'future
ready' railway system by 2030, not
2028. The plan focuses on increasing network capacity, improving freight and
passenger services, and achieving sustainable operations.
Statement
II: Incorrect 'Kavach' is an indigenously developed Automatic Train
Protection (ATP) system. It is not developed
in collaboration with Germany. It's a project under 'Make in India'.
Statement
III: Correct The 'Kavach' system uses Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) tags, which are placed on the tracks in station sections. These tags
help in continuously updating the train's location and speed.
Since statements I and II
are incorrect, and statement III is correct, the question asks for the
incorrect statements.
QUESTION 7
Consider the following
statements:
I.
It is expected that Majorana 1 chip will enable quantum
computing.
II.
Majorana 1 chip has been introduced by Amazon Web Services
(AWS).
III. Deep
learning is a subset of machine learning.
Which of the statements
given above are correct?
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III
Answer: C
Explanation
Let's analyze each
statement:
Statement
I: Correct The Majorana 1 chip is a quantum computing chip based on
Majorana zero modes, which are theorized to be more stable for quantum
computation. It is expected that such chips will enable advancements in quantum
computing.
Statement
II: Incorrect Majorana 1 chip has not been introduced by Amazon Web
Services (AWS). It is a project by Microsoft, which is working on topological
quantum computing using Majorana zero modes. AWS has its own quantum computing
initiatives, but Majorana 1 is not one of them.
Statement
III: Correct Deep learning is indeed a subset of machine learning. Deep
learning uses neural networks with many layers to model complex patterns in
data, and is a part of the broader field of machine learning.
Therefore,
only statements I and III are correct.
QUESTION 8
With reference to
monoclonal antibodies, often mentioned in news, consider the following
statements:
I.
They are man-made proteins.
II.
They stimulate immunological function due to their ability to
bind to specific antigens.
III. They
are used in treating viral infections like that of Nipah virus.
Which of the statements
given above are correct?
A. I and II only
B. II and III only
C. I and III only
D. I, II and III
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement
I: Correct Monoclonal antibodies are indeed man-made (synthetic)
proteins. They are produced in laboratories by cloning a single type of immune
cell, hence the term 'monoclonal'.
Statement
II: Correct Monoclonal antibodies are designed to bind to specific
antigens (such as those found on the surface of pathogens or cancer cells). By
binding to these antigens, they can stimulate or modulate the immune system's
response, either by marking the target for destruction or by blocking its
activity.
Statement
III: Correct Monoclonal antibodies have been used in the treatment of
various viral infections, including the Nipah virus. For example, the
monoclonal antibody m102.4 has been used on a compassionate basis to treat
Nipah virus infections in humans.
Therefore,
all three statements are correct.
QUESTION 9
GPS-Aided Geo Augmented
Navigation (GAGAN) uses a system of ground stations to provide necessary
augmentation. Which of the following statements is/are correct in respect of
GAGAN?
I.
It is designed to provide additional accuracy and integrity.
II.
It will allow more uniform and high quality air traffic
management.
III. It will
provide benefits only in aviation but not in other modes of transportation.
Select the correct answer
using the code given below.
A. I, II and III
B. II and III only
C. I only
D. I and II only
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement
I: Correct GAGAN (GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation) is an Indian
Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) developed jointly by ISRO and
Airports Authority of India (AAI). It is specifically designed to provide
additional accuracy and integrity to GPS signals, which is essential for
safety-critical applications like aviation.
Statement
II: Correct By improving the accuracy, reliability, and availability
of GPS signals, GAGAN enables more uniform and high-quality air traffic
management. It allows for more precise navigation and landing, which enhances
safety and efficiency in airspace management.
Statement
III: Incorrect While GAGAN was primarily developed for aviation, its
benefits are not limited to aviation alone. It can also be used in other modes
of transportation such as railways, roadways, maritime, and even in
agriculture, surveying, and disaster management. Thus, the statement that it
will provide benefits only in aviation is incorrect.
Therefore,
only statements I and II are correct.
QUESTION 10
Consider the following
types of vehicles:
I.
Full battery electric vehicles
II.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
III. Fuel
cell electric hybrid vehicles
How many of the above are
considered as alternative (powertrain) vehicles?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: C
Explanation
I. Full
battery electric vehicles (BEVs): Correct These vehicles are
powered solely by electricity stored in a battery pack, which is charged from
an external source. They do not use an internal combustion engine and are thus
considered an alternative to conventional gasoline or diesel vehicles.
II.
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCEVs): Correct These vehicles use
hydrogen as fuel and convert it into electricity through a fuel cell. The
electricity then powers an electric motor, propelling the vehicle. The only
emission is water vapor, making them a zero-emission alternative.
III.
Fuel cell electric hybrid vehicles (FCEHVs): Correct These
vehicles combine a fuel cell with a battery pack and an electric motor. The
fuel cell provides the primary source of electricity, while the battery pack
provides additional power during acceleration or hill climbing and captures
energy through regenerative braking. They are also considered alternative
powertrain vehicles due to their reliance on fuel cell technology.
Since all three vehicle
types represent alternatives to traditional internal combustion engine
vehicles, all are considered alternative (powertrain) vehicles.
QUESTION 11
Consider the following
statements:
Statement I: Some rare
earth elements are used in the manufacture of flat television screens and
computer monitors.
Statement II: Some rare
earth elements have phosphorescent properties.
Which one of the
following is correct in respect of the above statements?
A. Both Statement I and
Statement II are correct and Statement II explains Statement I
B. Both Statement I and
Statement II are correct but Statement II does not explain Statement I
C. Statement I is correct
but Statement II is not correct
D. Statement I is not
correct but Statement II is correct
Answer: A
Explanation
Statement
I: Correct Rare earth elements (REEs) are extensively used in
manufacturing flat television screens and computer monitors. Specifically:
- Europium is used to
produce red phosphors in CRT monitors and LED displays
- Terbium is used
for green phosphors
- Yttrium is used in
red phosphors and as a host material
- Cerium is used in
glass polishing and as a component in some display technologies
- Neodymium is used in
speakers and magnetic components of displays
These elements are
crucial for the color reproduction and functionality of modern display
technologies.
Statement
II: Correct Several rare earth elements exhibit phosphorescent
properties:
- Europium
compounds show
strong red phosphorescence
- Terbium compounds exhibit
green phosphorescence
- Dysprosium shows
yellow phosphorescence
- Samarium exhibits
orange-red phosphorescence
Phosphorescence is the
property of absorbing energy and then slowly releasing it as light over time,
which is different from fluorescence where light emission stops immediately
when the energy source is removed.
Relationship
Between Statements: Statement II directly explains Statement I. The reason
rare earth elements are used in flat screens and monitors is precisely because
of their phosphorescent (and fluorescent) properties. These properties allow
them to:
- Convert electrical energy into
visible light
- Produce specific colors when
excited
- Maintain color purity and
brightness
- Enable the display of images on
screens
The phosphorescent
properties mentioned in Statement II are the fundamental reason why these
elements are valuable in display technology mentioned in Statement I.
QUESTION 12
With
reference to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), consider the following
statements:
I.
All types of UAVs can do vertical landing.
II.
All types of UAVs can do automated hovering.
III. All types of UAVs can use battery only as a
source of power supply.
How many of the
statements given above are correct?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: D
Explanation
Statement
1: Incorrect Not all UAVs are capable of vertical landing. Vertical
landing is a feature primarily associated with multirotor drones (like
quadcopters) and some VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) fixed-wing aircraft.
Fixed-wing UAVs typically require a runway for takeoff and landing.
Statement
2: Incorrect Automated hovering is not a standard capability across all
UAV types. While many modern drones have sophisticated stabilization and
GPS-assisted hovering capabilities, simpler or older UAV designs might lack
this feature. Additionally, fixed-wing UAVs, by their nature, cannot hover.
Statement
3: Incorrect UAVs can utilize various power sources, not just
batteries. While battery power is common, especially for smaller drones, larger
UAVs can be powered by gasoline engines, hybrid systems (combining a gasoline
engine with an electric generator), or even solar power. Fuel cells are also
being explored as a power source for UAVs.
QUESTION 13
Consider the following
space missions:
I.
Axiom-4
II.
SpaDeX
III. Gaganyaan
How many of the space
missions given above encourage and support micro-gravity research?
A. Only one
B. Only two
C. All the three
D. None
Answer: C
Hide Explanation
Explanation
I.
Axiom-4: Correct Axiom-4 is a planned private crewed mission to the
International Space Station (ISS) by Axiom Space. Such missions typically
include micro-gravity research as a key component, with astronauts conducting
various scientific experiments in the micro-gravity environment of the ISS.
II.
SpaDeX: Correct SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) is an Indian mission by
ISRO aimed at demonstrating autonomous docking technology. While its primary
goal is technology demonstration, such missions often include micro-gravity research
and experiments, as the environment is suitable for such studies.
III.
Gaganyaan: Correct Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight mission. One
of its objectives is to encourage and support micro-gravity research by
allowing Indian scientists to conduct experiments in the micro-gravity
environment of space.
Therefore,
all three missions encourage and support micro-gravity research.
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