Thursday, June 26, 2025

Generic Chemotherapy Drugs Under Fire: 1 in 5 Fail Quality Tests

Generic Chemotherapy Drugs Under Fire: 1 in 5 Fail Quality Tests

 A Global Crisis Rooted in Manufacturing Lapses | June 26, 2025

By Suryavanshi IAS | UPSC GS II, GS III & Ethics Special

Context

A landmark international study released on June 26, 2025, has uncovered a major quality crisis in chemotherapy drugs—a fifth of tested samples failed to meet safety standards. Shockingly, 16 out of the 17 companies involved are India-based.


Key Findings

·         Study led by Marya Lieberman, University of Notre Dame

·         189 drug samples from 4 African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Cameroon

·         38 samples (20%) failed quality checks

o    Either too little active ingredient (⚠️ <88%)

o    Or dangerously high levels (⚠️ >112%)

·         Drugs tested: cisplatin, doxorubicin, methotrexate, oxaliplatin, etc. – all WHO essential medicines

·         Affected drugs came from 17 manufacturers, 16 Indian-based


 Health Impact

·         Too little drug = ineffective treatment → cancer may worsen

·         Too much drug = toxicity, organ damage, death

·         Patients experienced sudden unresponsiveness, severe side-effects, or relapse

·         Pharmacists reported patients showing no usual chemotherapy symptoms—raising quality concerns


India’s Role Under Scrutiny

·         India is the world’s largest generic drug exporter

·         Drugs from Venus Remedies, Zuvius Lifesciences, United Biotech, VHB Medi Sciences, Getwell Pharmaceuticals among those failed

·         Many companies have a history of regulatory flags

·         Indian regulator: claimed penalties were imposed but gave no specific details

·         Activists accuse a “race to the bottom” driven by cost-cutting and weak oversight


 Global Implications

·         These drugs are used in over 100 countries: from Nepal to Ethiopia to the US

·         WHO’s certificate system and essential medicines list are under fire for lack of enforcement

·         Many low-income countries cannot test medicines due to resource gaps

·         In some countries like Nepal, no chemotherapy drug testing is planned this year


UPSC Relevance

GS II – Governance & Health

·         Regulatory oversight, international cooperation

·         Role of WHO, CDSCO, national regulators

 GS III – Science & Technology

·         Issues with drug manufacturing, pharma ethics, supply chains

·         Failure of quality control mechanisms in essential health infrastructure

GS IV – Ethics

·         Justice & Fairness: Poor patients being sold ineffective or harmful drugs

·         Integrity in pharma: "cutting corners" for profit vs human lives


 Case Study Alert

You can cite this in Mains for:

·         Ethics case study on pharma accountability

·         Health governance failures

·         Importance of global cooperation in regulating essential medicines


 Quote to Use in Essay

“Once a person has been diagnosed with cancer, there’s a limited window of opportunity for treatment to work. A substandard drug can close that window forever.” — Prof. Marya Lieberman


Takeaway

The study highlights the urgent need for global and national drug oversight reform. For a UPSC aspirant, it is a must-know development in the intersection of public health, ethics, governance, and international regulation.


Follow Suryavanshi IAS for real-world UPSC-ready analysis of crucial current affairs.
Next up:  Case Study PDF coming soon!

 

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