Tuesday, June 24, 2025

Telangana-Andhra Pradesh Water Dispute over Polavaram-Banakacherla Link Project

The escalating dispute between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh concerning the Polavaram-Banakacherla Link Project, highlighting key arguments, political dynamics, and potential implications.

 Summary:

A significant "fresh row has erupted between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh over the Polavaram-Banakacherla Link Project," which aims to divert 200 tmc ft of Godavari water to drought-hit Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh. This project has ignited a multi-faceted dispute rooted in riparian rights, inter-state water sharing agreements, political blame games, and federal funding controversies. Telangana's ruling Congress and opposition BRS both contend the project violates their "riparian rights regarding Godavari waters as well as the provisions of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014," while Andhra Pradesh, supported by the Central government, argues for the necessity of the project due to surplus Godavari water. The Centre's willingness to fund 50% of the project, estimated at ₹80,000 crore, and allow borrowing beyond FRBM limits for Andhra Pradesh, has further exacerbated tensions with Telangana, which faced borrowing restrictions for its own Kaleshwaram project.

Main Themes and Key Ideas/Facts:

1.    The Polavaram-Banakacherla Link Project:

  • Purpose: To divert "200 tmc ft of Godavari water to the Krishna and Penna basins" to provide "drinking and irrigation water to the drought-hit Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh."
  • Status: Andhra Pradesh has submitted a pre-feasibility report, and the Central Water Commission (CWC) has requested a Detailed Project Report (DPR).
  • Cost & Funding: Estimated at "₹80,000 crore," with the Centre offering to fund "50% of the total cost...as part of the interlinking of rivers." The remaining will be financed "through borrowing beyond the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) limits."

1.    Telangana's Objections and Concerns:

  • Violation of Riparian Rights: Both the Congress and BRS in Telangana believe the project "violates the State’s riparian rights regarding Godavari waters as well as the provisions of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014."
  • Historical Precedent/Concerns: Former Minister T. Harish Rao alleged Andhra Pradesh was "conspiring to divert Godavari waters to claim rights on it in the future by seeking re-allocation of water by the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal." He drew parallels to the "late Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy [who] had diverted Krishna waters from Srisailam to the non-basin (Penna) areas."
  • Inconsistency in Water Availability Arguments: The BRS questioned Andhra Pradesh's claim of ample Godavari water, asking "why the Andhra Pradesh government had objected to the Kaleshwaram project if ample water was indeed available in the Godavari."
  • Demands for Equitable Treatment: The Telangana Retired Engineers’ Association suggested the Centre "carry out the appraisal...only after protecting the rights of the people of Telangana by giving permissions/clearances/approvals to all the ongoing and contemplated projects in the Godavari basin." They also suggested "the Centre additionally allocate more than 200 tmc ft of water in the Krishna basin in lieu of the diversion of Godavari water to other basins."

1.    Andhra Pradesh's Justification:

  • Essential Project: Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu "emphasised that the project is essential."
  • Surplus Water Argument: Naidu argues "that the Godavari has ample surplus water," questioning "why Telangana should object to the use of water that was anyway flowing into the sea."

1.    Political Dynamics and Blame Games:

  • Inter-Party Blame in Telangana: The Congress and BRS are "blaming each other for 'allowing' Andhra Pradesh to plan the project."
  • Congress's Argument: Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy and Irrigation Minister N. Uttam Kumar Reddy blamed the "previous BRS government," citing the September 21, 2016, apex council meeting where then CM K. Chandrasekhar Rao stated "3,000 tmc ft of Godavari water discharges into the sea on average annually and could instead be utilised if there was an 'understanding' between the two States."
  • BRS's Counter-Argument: The BRS countered that Mr. Rao "raised objections over the diversion of water from the Godavari to the Krishna without prior consultation of Telangana" during the same meeting. T. Harish Rao accused the Congress of a "soft approach" and "mortgaging of Telangana’s water rights," calling it "Mr. Revanth Reddy’s ‘gurudakshina’ to his political mentor N. Chandrababu Naidu."
  • BJP's Silence and Centre-State Alignment: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Telangana "has remained largely silent," likely because the "BJP government at the Centre has the support of the Telugu Desam Party, the ruling party of Andhra Pradesh." This alignment, Telangana believes, gives Andhra Pradesh "the advantage of getting things done with quick approvals from the Centre."

1.    Central Government's Role and Perceived Bias:

  • Funding Discrepancy: Telangana is upset because the Centre "reduced the State’s borrowing limits under the FRBM Act citing the State’s off-budget borrowings to complete the Kaleshwaram project on time," while offering favorable terms (50% funding, beyond FRBM borrowing) to Andhra Pradesh for the new project.
  • Call for Unbiased Approach: The source explicitly states, "The Centre would do well to be as unbiased as possible when dealing with inter-State water disputes," recognizing that "Water-sharing is a sensitive issue and is linked to the economy and regional sentiments."

Conclusion:

The Polavaram-Banakacherla Link Project has become a flashpoint for long-standing inter-state water disputes, compounded by accusations of political opportunism and central government favoritism. The core of the dispute lies in Telangana's assertion of its riparian rights and equitable water sharing, contrasting with Andhra Pradesh's claim of utilizing surplus Godavari water for regional development. The Centre's financial support and perceived alignment with Andhra Pradesh have further fueled Telangana's resentment, underscoring the urgent need for an impartial and comprehensive resolution mechanism. Failure to address these concerns judiciously could escalate regional tensions and have significant socio-economic implications.

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