✅ Q1.
Which of the following statements regarding Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is/are correct?
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DBS involves surgical implantation of electrodes in specific areas of the brain.
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The effects of DBS are permanent and irreversible.
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DBS is approved for use in Parkinson’s Disease.
Options:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only ✅
D. 1, 2 and 3
๐ Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct – DBS involves implanting electrodes into brain tissue.
Statement 2 is incorrect – DBS is reversible; stimulation can be turned off.
Statement 3 is correct – It is widely used for Parkinson’s disease.
✅ Q2.
DBS primarily helps in treating which of the following categories of disorders?
A. Cardiovascular disorders
B. Autoimmune disorders
C. Neurological and psychiatric disorders ✅
D. Endocrine disorders
๐ Explanation:
DBS is used for neurological conditions like Parkinson's, tremors, dystonia, and also for psychiatric conditions like OCD and depression.
✅ Q3.
In Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), the pulse generator is usually placed in which part of the human body?
A. Inside the skull
B. In the lower abdomen
C. Under the skin of the upper chest ✅
D. Near the spinal cord
๐ Explanation:
The pulse generator, similar to a pacemaker, is placed beneath the skin of the upper chest, and connected to brain electrodes via wires.
✅ Q4.
Which of the following diseases is NOT currently approved for DBS treatment but is under clinical research?
A. Essential Tremor
B. Severe Depression ✅
C. Dystonia
D. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
๐ Explanation:
While Essential Tremor, Dystonia, and OCD are approved indications, Severe Depression is still under clinical research.
✅ Q5.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) modulates the activity of brain neurons by:
A. Removing diseased neurons
B. Delivering mild electric impulses ✅
C. Replacing damaged brain tissue
D. Injecting neurotransmitters directly
๐ Explanation:
DBS does not destroy or remove tissue but modulates activity via electrical pulses.
✅ Q6.
Which of the following is an ethical concern associated with DBS?
A. It is based on pseudoscience
B. It causes irreversible brain damage
C. Issues related to patient consent and personality changes ✅
D. It is used only for cosmetic brain enhancement
๐ Explanation:
Major ethical issues involve personality changes, informed consent, and autonomy in psychiatric DBS usage.
✅ Q7.
DBS is different from traditional brain surgery in which of the following ways?
A. DBS destroys a small part of the brain permanently
B. DBS causes irreversible damage
C. DBS is reversible and does not destroy tissue ✅
D. DBS requires no surgical procedure
๐ Explanation:
Traditional surgeries like lesioning destroy tissue. DBS is non-destructive and reversible.
✅ Q8.
Consider the following pairs:
Disease — Nature of Disorder
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Parkinson’s — Neurological
-
OCD — Psychiatric
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Lupus — Hormonal
Which of the pairs is/are correctly matched?
A. 1 and 2 only ✅
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
๐ Explanation:
Lupus is an autoimmune disorder, not hormonal. Parkinson’s and OCD are neurological and psychiatric respectively.
✅ Q9.
Which article of the Indian Constitution allows citizens to deny treatment involving brain stimulation against their will?
A. Article 14
B. Article 21 ✅
C. Article 19
D. Article 32
๐ Explanation:
Article 21 protects Right to Life and Personal Liberty, including the right to bodily autonomy and informed medical consent.
✅ Q10.
Which among the following correctly describes one major limitation of DBS?
A. It is 100% effective in all patients
B. It eliminates the need for all medications
C. Its mechanism of action is still not fully understood ✅
D. It is used only in children
๐ Explanation:
Despite success, the exact mechanism of how DBS alters brain circuitry is still being researched.
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