Q. “The Census is not just a count of people, but a roadmap for inclusive development.” Examine in the context of India’s health policy and service delivery.
(250 words – GS II)
The Census, conducted every ten years in India, is often seen as a statistical exercise to count people. However, its implications go far beyond mere numbers. It serves as a foundational tool for evidence-based policymaking, especially in the realm of health policy and service delivery.
India’s demographic diversity demands tailored healthcare interventions. The Census provides granular data on age, gender, occupation, disability, fertility trends, and regional disparities, enabling policymakers to identify underserved populations and design targeted programmes. For instance, the National Polio Eradication Programme and leprosy control efforts relied heavily on Census-linked prevalence mapping to identify high-risk districts.
Census data aids in infrastructure planning, such as locating new Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and upgrading existing ones under the Ayushman Bharat – Health and Wellness Centres initiative. It also helps monitor urban-rural divides in healthcare access, directing investment where gaps are widest.
The upcoming Census 2027, if digitally enabled and health-focused, can serve as a once-in-a-decade opportunity to map the burden of non-communicable diseases, mental health issues, and ageing populations. This data can inform policies on geriatric care, maternal health, adolescent nutrition, and preventive screenings through public-private partnerships.
Moreover, Census data supports community-led interventions by identifying nutritional deficiencies or immunization backlogs in specific clusters, allowing panchayats and NGOs to act with precision.
Thus, the Census is not just a population headcount; it is a strategic tool for inclusive and equitable health development, ensuring no one is left behind in India’s growth story.
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