Q. Discuss the salient features of the Harappan architecture. (Answer in 150 words) 2025
The Harappan Civilization (c. 2600-1900 BCE) exhibited remarkable and sophisticated urban architecture, characterized by meticulous planning and advanced engineering.
Its most salient features include:
Grid-Based Town Planning: Cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were built on a strict grid pattern, with streets cutting each other at right angles, dividing the city into large rectangular blocks.
Citadel and Lower Town: Major urban centres were divided into two parts: a raised western 'Citadel' for public buildings and a larger eastern 'Lower Town' for residential areas, indicating social stratification and administrative control.
Standardized Brickwork: They used standardized, kiln-burnt bricks of a consistent ratio (1:2:4) for all constructions, ensuring uniformity and durability.
Advanced Drainage System: A hallmark of their architecture was an elaborate, covered drainage system connecting houses to street drains, highlighting an emphasis on sanitation and public health.
Domestic Architecture: Houses were built around courtyards, featured multiple rooms, bathrooms, and wells, and often had staircases suggesting the existence of upper floors.
This emphasis on order, uniformity, and public welfare makes Harappan architecture unique in the contemporary ancient world.
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