Q. Critically examine how the decline of the Western-led order and the rise of the Global South, particularly through platforms like BRICS, are reshaping the world order. Highlight the role of India and Iran in this transition.
Introduction
The post-1945 global order was largely shaped by the U.S. and its allies, who dominated finance, technology, security, and narratives of democracy. Today, this order faces erosion due to power diffusion, economic shifts, and civilisational assertion from the Global South.
Decline of Western Dominance
Western powers are witnessing shrinking influence. The U.S. share of world GDP is ~26% (2025) compared to ~50% in 1950. The EU’s share fell to ~23% from 33% in 2005. The “toolkit” of Western dominance—dollar hegemony, control of multilateral institutions, and technological monopoly—is less effective as new players emerge.
Rise of the Global South
The BRICS+ bloc contributes 44% of global GDP (PPP) and represents 56% of the world’s population. According to IMF data, BRICS accounted for 54.5% of global growth between 2010–2023, compared to 27% from G7. This reflects a multipolar order driven by South-South cooperation, de-dollarisation efforts, and alternative institutions like the New Development Bank.
India and Iran: Civilisational Anchors
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India: With its leadership in BRICS, SCO, and the Non-Aligned tradition, India champions multipolarity, climate justice, and digital inclusion. The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) enhances Eurasian connectivity.
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Iran: Despite decades of sanctions, Iran symbolises resistance against unilateralism, pushing for regional security in West Asia and supporting alternatives to dollar dependency.
Conclusion
The decline of the Western-led order marks a historic civilisational shift. Ancient states like India and Iran, with strategic independence and cultural depth, can guide the Global South toward a just, participatory and sustainable world order.
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