UPSC (2026) Practice MCQs
Topic Focus: Environmental Jurisprudence, ECs, EIA, Supreme Court Judgments, Governance
1. Consider the following:
-
Precautionary Principle
-
Polluter Pays Principle
-
Sustainable Development
These principles have been recognised by the Supreme Court of India under which Article?
Answer: B
2. "Ex-post facto Environmental Clearance" refers to:
Answer: B
3. Which one of the following committees is involved in granting Environmental Clearance (EC) at the Central level?
Answer: B
4. Under the EIA Notification 2006, which of the following require PRIOR environmental clearance?
-
Thermal power plants
-
Highways
-
Building/construction projects above notified limits
-
Mining projects
Answer: C
5. Consider the following statements regarding the Supreme Court’s power of Review:
-
It is derived from Article 137.
-
The Court can recall its judgment if an error is apparent on the face of the record.
-
A review petition is heard by the same bench or judges (if available).
Which of the above are correct?
Answer: D
6. “Environmental Clearance” in India is issued under which law?
Answer: C
7. The May 16 Supreme Court judgment (now recalled) was based primarily on which principle?
Answer: B
8. With reference to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), consider the following:
-
It has original jurisdiction on environmental matters.
-
It applies the principles of natural justice.
-
It can punish for criminal offences.
Which are correct?
Answer: A
9. “Polluter Pays Principle” implies:
Answer: B
10. Which of the following bodies has the power to issue general directions under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
Answer: C
11. Consider the following statements:
-
Environmental clearance is mandatory for all building projects in India.
-
Violations of EC conditions are adjudicated by NGT.
-
The Supreme Court can impose environmental compensation.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Answer: B
12. Which of the following is NOT a part of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)?
Answer: C
13. The doctrine of “public trust” in environmental law means:
Answer: B
14. With reference to the Supreme Court’s environmental jurisprudence, consider:
-
Right to clean air
-
Right to safe drinking water
-
Right to protect forest dwellers
Which are part of Article 21 interpretations?
Answer: C
15. Under the EIA Notification, a project can be exempted from public hearing if:
Answer: A
16. In India, the doctrine of “Intergenerational Equity” was emphasised in which case?
Answer: A
17. Which of the following are powers of the Supreme Court under Article 142?
-
Complete justice
-
Modify environmental regulations
-
Issue binding guidelines in absence of law
Answer: A
18. Features of EIA include:
-
Identifying environmental impacts
-
Reducing project cost
-
Improving project design
-
Mandatory re-evaluation after construction
Answer: A
19. Which of the following best describes the 2025 SC recall judgment?
Answer: B
20. The principle “development cannot be at the cost of environment” relates to:
Answer: C
21. Consider the following:
-
Expert Appraisal Committee
-
State Expert Appraisal Committee
-
State Environment Impact Assessment Authority
Which are statutory bodies under EPA, 1986?
Answer: C
22. Who chairs the NGT?
Answer: A
23. Public hearings under EIA are conducted by:
Answer: B
24. The Supreme Court can impose environmental compensation under which power?
Answer: A
25. The dissent in the 2025 judgment criticised the majority mainly because:
Answer: B
No comments:
Post a Comment